Typechecker stdlib module :shipit:

examples/typechecker.it

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import typecheck as tc
+tc.checktype('hello', int | str) |> print
+tc.checktype(0xdeadbeef, int | str) |> print
+tc.checktype(['hello', 0xdeadbeef], int | str) |> print

ithon/__main__.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class lazy_typegetter:
 
 
 
-def translate(file: io.StringIO, debug: int = 0):
+def translate(file: io.StringIO, debug: int = 0, bcp: bool = False):
     def infix(name: str):
         yield tokenize.OP, ">>"
         yield tokenize.NAME, name
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ def translate(file: io.StringIO, debug: int = 0):
             yield type,name
     dprint(f'---END DEBOUT---', 4)
 
-def transpile(input_path: Path, verbosity: int, minify: bool) -> None:
+def transpile(input_path: Path, verbosity: int, minify: bool, bcp: bool) -> None:
     dir = Path('dist')
     if input_path.is_dir():
         for i in input_path.glob('*'):
@@ -176,17 +176,19 @@ app = typer.Typer()
 
 verbosity_arg = typing.Annotated[int, typer.Option('--verbosity', '-v')]
 minify_arg = typing.Annotated[bool, typer.Option('--minify', '-m')]
+bcp_arg = typing.Annotated[bool, typer.Option('--build-custom-prefix', '-B')]
+
 
 @app.command('t')
 @app.command('ts')
 @app.command('transpile')
-def transpile_cmd(input_path: pathlib.Path, verbosity: verbosity_arg = 0, minify: minify_arg = False) -> None:
+def transpile_cmd(input_path: pathlib.Path, verbosity: verbosity_arg = 0, minify: minify_arg = False, bcp: bcp_arg = False) -> None:
-    transpile(input_path, verbosity, minify)
+    transpile(input_path, verbosity, minify, bcp)
 @app.command('r')
 @app.command('run')
-def run_cmd(input_path: pathlib.Path, verbosity: verbosity_arg = 0, minify: minify_arg = False) -> None:
+def run_cmd(input_path: pathlib.Path, verbosity: verbosity_arg = 0, minify: minify_arg = False, bcp: bcp_arg = False) -> None:
     input_path = Path(input_path)
-    transpile(input_path, verbosity, minify)
+    transpile(input_path, verbosity, minify, bcp)
     if input_path.is_dir():
         os.system(f'{sys.executable} -m dist')
         Path('dist').rmtree()

ithon/prefix.py

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ def _INTERNAL_add_fakeimport(name: str, code: str): # TODO: make this use sys.me
 
 _INTERNAL_add_fakeimport('sentinels', std'sentinels.py')
 _INTERNAL_add_fakeimport('ipathlib', std'ipathlib.py')
+_INTERNAL_add_fakeimport('typecheck', std'typecheck.py')
 _INTERNAL_lazymerge = _INTERNAL_Token(lambda lhs, rhs: _INTERNAL_LazyIterable(lhs, rhs))
 
 _INTERNAL_lpipe = _INTERNAL_Token(lambda lhs, rhs: rhs(lhs))

std/typecheck.py

@@ -0,0 +1,714 @@
+from typing import (
+    _GenericAlias,
+    _TypedDictMeta,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    ForwardRef,
+    FrozenSet,
+    List,
+    Literal,
+    Mapping,
+    MutableMapping,
+    MutableSequence,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Never,
+    NewType,
+    NoReturn,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeAliasType,
+    TypeGuard,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    _eval_type as eval_type,
+    _type_repr as type_repr,
+    cast,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+    get_type_hints,
+    overload
+)
+from collections.abc import Callable as CCallable, Mapping as CMapping, MutableMapping as CMutableMapping, MutableSequence as CMutableSequence, Sequence as CSequence
+from inspect import Parameter
+from types import UnionType, ModuleType, GenericAlias
+import functools, math, inspect, sys, importlib, re, builtins
+
+
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+_F = TypeVar("_F")
+_SimpleTypeVar = TypeVar("_SimpleTypeVar")
+_SimpleTypeVarCo = TypeVar("_SimpleTypeVarCo", covariant=True)
+
+
+_MISSING = object()
+
+_IMPORTABLE_TYPE_EXPRESSION_RE = re.compile(r"^((?:[a-zA-Z0-9_]+\.)+)(.*)$")
+_UNIMPORTABLE_TYPE_EXPRESSION_RE = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+(\[.*\])?$")
+_BUILTINS_MODULE: ModuleType = builtins
+_EXTRA_ADVISE_IF_MOD_IS_BUILTINS = (
+    " Try altering the type argument to be a string "
+    "reference (surrounded with quotes) instead, "
+    "if not already done."
+)
+
+class UnresolvedForwardRefError(TypeError):...
+
+class UnresolvableTypeError(TypeError):...
+
+class ValidationError(TypeError):...
+
+class TypeNotSupportedError(TypeError):...
+
+class _TrycastOptions(NamedTuple):
+    strict: bool
+    eval: bool
+    funcname: str
+
+class _LazyStr(str):
+    def __init__(self, value_func: Callable[[], str], /) -> None:
+        self._value_func = value_func
+        self._value = None  # type: Optional[str]
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self._value is None:
+            self._value = self._value_func()
+        return self._value
+
+def _substitute(tp: object, substitutions: Dict[object, object]) -> object:
+    if isinstance(tp, GenericAlias):  # ex: tuple[T1, T2]
+        return GenericAlias(  # type: ignore[reportCallIssue]  # pyright
+            tp.__origin__, tuple([_substitute(a, substitutions) for a in tp.__args__])
+        )
+    if isinstance(tp, TypeVar):  # type: ignore[wrong-arg-types]  # pytype
+        return substitutions.get(tp, tp)
+    return tp
+
+def _inspect_signature(value):
+        return inspect.signature(
+            value,
+            # Don't auto-unwrap decorated functions
+            follow_wrapped=False,
+            # Don't need annotation information
+            eval_str=False,
+        )
+
+def _is_typed_dict(tp: object) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(tp, _TypedDictMeta)
+
+
+
+def _is_newtype(tp: object) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(tp, NewType)
+
+def _is_simple_typevar(T: object, covariant: bool = False) -> bool:
+    return (
+        isinstance(T, TypeVar)  # type: ignore[wrong-arg-types]  # pytype
+        and T.__constraints__ == ()  # type: ignore[attribute-error]  # pytype
+        and T.__covariant__ == covariant  # type: ignore[attribute-error]  # pytype
+        and T.__contravariant__ is False  # type: ignore[attribute-error]  # pytype
+        and T.__constraints__ == ()  # type: ignore[attribute-error]  # pytype
+    )
+
+def _checkcast_listlike(
+    tp: object,
+    value: object,
+    listlike_type: Type,
+    options: _TrycastOptions,
+    *,
+    covariant_t: bool = False,
+    t_ellipsis: bool = False,
+) -> "Optional[ValidationError]":
+    if isinstance(value, listlike_type):
+        T_ = get_args(tp)
+
+        if len(T_) == 0:  # Python 3.9+
+            (T,) = (_SimpleTypeVarCo if covariant_t else _SimpleTypeVar,)
+
+        else:
+            if t_ellipsis:
+                if len(T_) == 2 and T_[1] is Ellipsis:
+                    (T, _) = T_
+                else:
+                    return ValidationError(tp, value)
+            else:
+                (T,) = T_
+
+        if _is_simple_typevar(T, covariant=covariant_t):
+            pass
+        else:
+            for i, x in enumerate(value):  # type: ignore[attribute-error]  # pytype
+                e = _checkcast_inner(T, x, options)
+                if e is not None:
+                    return ValidationError(
+                        tp,
+                        value,
+                        _causes=[e._with_prefix(_LazyStr(lambda: f"At index {i}"))],
+                    )
+
+        return None
+    else:
+        return ValidationError(tp, value)
+
+
+def _checkcast_dictlike(
+    tp: object,
+    value: object,
+    dictlike_type: Type,
+    options: _TrycastOptions,
+    *,
+    covariant_v: bool = False,
+) -> "Optional[ValidationError]":
+    if isinstance(value, dictlike_type):
+        K_V = get_args(tp)
+
+        if len(K_V) == 0:  # Python 3.9+
+            (K, V) = (
+                _SimpleTypeVar,
+                _SimpleTypeVarCo if covariant_v else _SimpleTypeVar,
+            )
+        else:
+            (K, V) = K_V
+
+        if _is_simple_typevar(K) and _is_simple_typevar(V, covariant=covariant_v):
+            pass
+        else:
+            for k, v in value.items():  # type: ignore[attribute-error]  # pytype
+                e = _checkcast_inner(K, k, options)
+                if e is not None:
+                    return ValidationError(
+                        tp,
+                        value,
+                        _causes=[e._with_prefix(_LazyStr(lambda: f"Key {k!r}"))],
+                    )
+                e = _checkcast_inner(V, v, options)
+                if e is not None:
+                    return ValidationError(
+                        tp,
+                        value,
+                        _causes=[e._with_prefix(_LazyStr(lambda: f"At key {k!r}"))],
+                    )
+        return None
+    else:
+        return ValidationError(tp, value)
+
+def _type_check(arg: object, msg: str):
+    """Returns the argument if it appears to be a type.
+    Raises TypeError if the argument is a known non-type.
+
+    As a special case, accepts None and returns type(None) instead.
+    Also wraps strings into ForwardRef instances.
+    """
+    arg = _type_convert(arg, module=None)
+    # Recognize *common* non-types. (This check is not exhaustive.)
+    if isinstance(arg, (dict, list, int, tuple)):
+        raise TypeError(f"{msg} Got {arg!r:.100}.")
+    return arg
+
+# Python 3.10's typing._type_convert()
+def _type_convert(arg, module=None):
+    """For converting None to type(None), and strings to ForwardRef."""
+    if arg is None:
+        return type(None)
+    if isinstance(arg, str):
+        return ForwardRef(arg, module=module)
+    return arg
+
+
+@overload
+def checktype(
+    value: object, tp: str, /, *, eval: Literal[False]
+) -> NoReturn: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+@overload
+def checktype(
+    value: object, tp: str, /, *, eval: bool = True
+) -> bool: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+@overload
+def checktype(value: object, tp: Type[_T], /, *, eval: bool = True) -> TypeGuard[_T]:  # type: ignore[invalid-annotation]  # pytype
+    ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+@overload
+def checktype(
+    value: object, tp: object, /, *, eval: bool = True
+) -> bool: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def checktype(value, tp, /, *, eval=True):
+    """
+    Returns whether `value` is in the shape of `tp`
+    (as accepted by a Python typechecker conforming to PEP 484 "Type Hints").
+
+    This method logically performs an operation similar to:
+
+        return isinstance(value, tp)
+
+    except that it supports many more types than `isinstance`, including:
+        * List[T]
+        * Dict[K, V]
+        * Optional[T]
+        * Union[T1, T2, ...]
+        * Literal[...]
+        * T extends TypedDict
+
+    See trycast.trycast(..., strict=True) for information about parameters,
+    raised exceptions, and other details.
+    """
+    e = _checkcast_outer(
+        tp, value, _TrycastOptions(strict=True, eval=eval, funcname="isassignable")
+    )
+    result = e is None
+    if isinstance(tp, type):
+        return cast(  # type: ignore[invalid-annotation]  # pytype
+            TypeGuard[_T],  # type: ignore[not-indexable]  # pytype
+            result,
+        )
+    else:
+        return result  # type: ignore[bad-return-type]  # pytype
+
+def _checkcast_outer(
+    tp: object, value: object, options: _TrycastOptions
+) -> "Optional[ValidationError]":
+    if isinstance(tp, str):
+        if options.eval:  # == options.eval (for pytype)
+            tp = eval_type_str(tp)  # does use eval()
+        else:
+            raise UnresolvableTypeError(
+                f"Could not resolve type {tp!r}: "
+                f"Type appears to be a string reference "
+                f"and {options.funcname}() was called with eval=False, "
+                f"disabling eval of string type references."
+            )
+    else:
+        try:
+            # TODO: Eliminate format operation done by f-string
+            #       from the hot path of _checkcast_outer()
+            tp = _type_check(  # type: ignore[16]  # pyre
+                tp,
+                f"{options.funcname}() requires a type as its first argument.",
+            )
+        except TypeError:
+            if isinstance(tp, tuple) and len(tp) >= 1 and isinstance(tp[0], type):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"{options.funcname} does not support checking against a tuple of types. "
+                    "Try checking against a Union[T1, T2, ...] instead."
+                )
+            else:
+                raise
+    try:
+        return _checkcast_inner(tp, value, options)  # type: ignore[bad-return-type]  # pytype
+    except UnresolvedForwardRefError:
+        if options.eval:
+            advise = (
+                "Try altering the first type argument to be a string "
+                "reference (surrounded with quotes) instead."
+            )
+        else:
+            advise = (
+                f"{options.funcname}() cannot resolve string type references "
+                "because it was called with eval=False."
+            )
+        raise UnresolvedForwardRefError(
+            f"{options.funcname} does not support checking against type form {tp!r} "
+            "which contains a string-based forward reference. "
+            f"{advise}"
+        )
+    
+def _checkcast_inner(
+    tp: object, value: object, options: _TrycastOptions
+) -> "Optional[ValidationError]":
+    """
+    Raises:
+    * TypeNotSupportedError
+    * UnresolvedForwardRefError
+    """
+    if tp is int:
+        # Also accept bools as valid int values
+        if isinstance(value, int):
+            return None
+        else:
+            return ValidationError(tp, value)
+
+    if tp is float:
+        # Also accept ints and bools as valid float values
+        if isinstance(value, float) or isinstance(value, int):
+            return None
+        else:
+            return ValidationError(tp, value)
+
+    if tp is complex:
+        # Also accept floats, ints, and bools as valid complex values
+        if (
+            isinstance(value, complex)
+            or isinstance(value, float)
+            or isinstance(value, int)
+        ):
+            return None
+        else:
+            return ValidationError(tp, value)
+
+    type_origin = get_origin(tp)
+
+    if type_origin is list or type_origin is List:  # List, List[T]
+        return _checkcast_listlike(tp, value, list, options)
+
+    if type_origin is set or type_origin is Set:  # Set, Set[T]
+        return _checkcast_listlike(tp, value, set, options)
+
+    if type_origin is frozenset or type_origin is FrozenSet:  # FrozenSet, FrozenSet[T]
+        return _checkcast_listlike(tp, value, frozenset, options, covariant_t=True)
+
+    if type_origin is tuple or type_origin is Tuple:
+        if isinstance(value, tuple):
+            type_args = get_args(tp)
+
+            if len(type_args) == 0 or (
+                len(type_args) == 2 and type_args[1] is Ellipsis
+            ):  # Tuple, Tuple[T, ...]
+
+                return _checkcast_listlike(
+                    tp,
+                    value,
+                    tuple,
+                    options,
+                    covariant_t=True,
+                    t_ellipsis=True,
+                )
+            else:  # Tuple[Ts]
+                if len(value) != len(type_args):
+                    return ValidationError(tp, value)
+
+                for i, T, t in zip(range(len(type_args)), type_args, value):
+                    e = _checkcast_inner(T, t, options)
+                    if e is not None:
+                        return ValidationError(
+                            tp,
+                            value,
+                            _causes=[e._with_prefix(_LazyStr(lambda: f"At index {i}"))],
+                        )
+
+                return None
+        else:
+            return ValidationError(tp, value)
+
+    if type_origin is Sequence or type_origin is CSequence:  # Sequence, Sequence[T]
+        return _checkcast_listlike(tp, value, CSequence, options, covariant_t=True)
+
+    if (
+        type_origin is MutableSequence or type_origin is CMutableSequence
+    ):  # MutableSequence, MutableSequence[T]
+        return _checkcast_listlike(tp, value, CMutableSequence, options)
+
+    if type_origin is dict or type_origin is Dict:  # Dict, Dict[K, V]
+        return _checkcast_dictlike(tp, value, dict, options)
+
+    if type_origin is Mapping or type_origin is CMapping:  # Mapping, Mapping[K, V]
+        return _checkcast_dictlike(tp, value, CMapping, options, covariant_v=True)
+
+    if (
+        type_origin is MutableMapping or type_origin is CMutableMapping
+    ):  # MutableMapping, MutableMapping[K, V]
+        return _checkcast_dictlike(tp, value, CMutableMapping, options)
+
+    if (
+        type_origin is Union or type_origin is UnionType
+    ):  # Union[T1, T2, ...], Optional[T]
+        causes = []
+        for T in get_args(tp):
+            e = _checkcast_inner(T, value, options)
+            if e is not None:
+                causes.append(e)
+            else:
+                return None
+        return ValidationError(tp, value, causes)
+
+    if type_origin is Literal:  # Literal[...]
+        for literal in get_args(tp):
+            if value == literal:
+                return None
+        return ValidationError(tp, value)
+
+    if type_origin is CCallable:
+        callable_args = get_args(tp)
+        if callable_args == ():
+            # Callable
+            if callable(value):
+                return None
+            else:
+                return ValidationError(tp, value)
+        else:
+            assert len(callable_args) == 2
+            (param_types, return_type) = callable_args
+
+            if return_type is not Any:
+                # Callable[..., T]
+                raise TypeNotSupportedError(
+                    f"{options.funcname} cannot reliably determine whether value is "
+                    f"a {type_repr(tp)} because "
+                    f"callables at runtime do not always have a "
+                    f"declared return type. "
+                    f"Consider using {options.funcname}(Callable, value) instead."
+                )
+
+            if param_types is Ellipsis:
+                # Callable[..., Any]
+                return _checkcast_inner(Callable, value, options)
+
+            assert isinstance(param_types, list)
+            for param_type in param_types:
+                if param_type is not Any:
+                    raise TypeNotSupportedError(
+                        f"{options.funcname} cannot reliably determine whether value is "
+                        f"a {type_repr(tp)} because "
+                        f"callables at runtime do not always have "
+                        f"declared parameter types. "
+                        f"Consider using {options.funcname}("
+                        f"Callable[{','.join('Any' * len(param_types))}, Any], value) "
+                        f"instead."
+                    )
+
+            # Callable[[Any * N], Any]
+            if callable(value):
+                try:
+                    sig = _inspect_signature(value)
+                except TypeError:
+                    # Not a callable
+                    return ValidationError(tp, value)
+                except ValueError as f:
+                    # Unable to introspect signature for value.
+                    # It might be a built-in function that lacks signature support.
+                    # Assume conservatively that value does NOT match the requested type.
+                    e = ValidationError(tp, value)
+                    e.__cause__ = f
+                    return e
+                else:
+                    sig_min_param_count = 0  # type: float
+                    sig_max_param_count = 0  # type: float
+                    for expected_param in sig.parameters.values():
+                        if (
+                            expected_param.kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY
+                            or expected_param.kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
+                        ):
+                            if expected_param.default is Parameter.empty:
+                                sig_min_param_count += 1
+                            sig_max_param_count += 1
+                        elif expected_param.kind == Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL:
+                            sig_max_param_count = math.inf
+
+                    if sig_min_param_count <= len(param_types) <= sig_max_param_count:
+                        return None
+                    else:
+                        return ValidationError(tp, value)
+            else:
+                return ValidationError(tp, value)
+
+    if isinstance(type_origin, TypeAliasType):  # type: ignore[16]  # pyre
+        if len(type_origin.__type_params__) > 0:
+            substitutions = dict(
+                zip(
+                    type_origin.__type_params__,
+                    get_args(tp) + ((Any,) * len(type_origin.__type_params__)),
+                )
+            )  # type: Dict[object, object]
+            new_tp = _substitute(tp.__value__, substitutions)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]  # mypy
+        else:
+            new_tp = tp.__value__  # type: ignore[attr-defined]  # mypy
+        return _checkcast_inner(new_tp, value, options)  # type: ignore[16]  # pyre
+
+    if isinstance(tp, _GenericAlias):  # type: ignore[16]  # pyre
+        raise TypeNotSupportedError(
+            f"{options.funcname} does not know how to recognize generic type "
+            f"{type_repr(type_origin)}."
+        )
+
+    if _is_typed_dict(tp):  # T extends TypedDict
+        if isinstance(value, Mapping):
+            if options.eval:
+                resolved_annotations = get_type_hints(  # does use eval()
+                    tp  # type: ignore[arg-type]  # mypy
+                )  # resolve ForwardRefs in tp.__annotations__
+            else:
+                resolved_annotations = tp.__annotations__  # type: ignore[attribute-error]  # pytype
+
+            try:
+                # {typing in Python 3.9+, typing_extensions}.TypedDict
+                required_keys = tp.__required_keys__  # type: ignore[attr-defined, attribute-error]  # mypy, pytype
+            except AttributeError:
+                # {typing in Python 3.8, mypy_extensions}.TypedDict
+                if options.strict:
+                    if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+                        advise = "Suggest use a typing.TypedDict instead."
+                    else:
+                        advise = "Suggest use a typing_extensions.TypedDict instead."
+                    advise2 = f"Or use {options.funcname}(..., strict=False)."
+                    raise TypeNotSupportedError(
+                        f"{options.funcname} cannot determine which keys are required "
+                        f"and which are potentially-missing for the "
+                        f"specified kind of TypedDict. {advise} {advise2}"
+                    )
+                else:
+                    if tp.__total__:  # type: ignore[attr-defined, attribute-error]  # mypy, pytype
+                        required_keys = resolved_annotations.keys()
+                    else:
+                        required_keys = frozenset()
+
+            for k, v in value.items():  # type: ignore[attribute-error]  # pytype
+                V = resolved_annotations.get(k, _MISSING)
+                if V is not _MISSING:
+                    e = _checkcast_inner(V, v, options)
+                    if e is not None:
+                        return ValidationError(
+                            tp,
+                            value,
+                            _causes=[e._with_prefix(_LazyStr(lambda: f"At key {k!r}"))],
+                        )
+
+            for k in required_keys:
+                if k not in value:  # type: ignore[unsupported-operands]  # pytype
+                    return ValidationError(
+                        tp,
+                        value,
+                        _causes=[
+                            ValidationError._from_message(
+                                _LazyStr(lambda: f"Required key {k!r} is missing")
+                            )
+                        ],
+                    )
+            return None
+        else:
+            return ValidationError(tp, value)
+
+    if _is_newtype(tp):
+        if options.strict:
+            supertype_repr = type_repr(tp.__supertype__)  # type: ignore[attr-defined, attribute-error]  # mypy, pytype
+            tp_name_repr = repr(tp.__name__)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]  # mypy
+            raise TypeNotSupportedError(
+                f"{options.funcname} cannot reliably determine whether value is "
+                f"a NewType({tp_name_repr}, {supertype_repr}) because "
+                f"NewType wrappers are erased at runtime "
+                f"and are indistinguishable from their supertype. "
+                f"Consider using {options.funcname}(..., strict=False) to treat "
+                f"NewType({tp_name_repr}, {supertype_repr}) "
+                f"like {supertype_repr}."
+            )
+        else:
+            supertype = tp.__supertype__  # type: ignore[attr-defined, attribute-error]  # mypy, pytype
+            return _checkcast_inner(supertype, value, options)
+
+    if isinstance(tp, TypeVar):  # type: ignore[wrong-arg-types]  # pytype
+        raise TypeNotSupportedError(
+            f"{options.funcname} cannot reliably determine whether value matches a TypeVar."
+        )
+
+    if tp is Any:
+        return None
+
+    if tp is Never or tp is NoReturn:
+        return ValidationError(tp, value)
+
+    if isinstance(tp, TypeAliasType):  # type: ignore[16]  # pyre
+        if len(tp.__type_params__) > 0:  # type: ignore[16]  # pyre
+            substitutions = dict(
+                zip(tp.__type_params__, ((Any,) * len(tp.__type_params__)))
+            )
+            new_tp = _substitute(tp.__value__, substitutions)
+        else:
+            new_tp = tp.__value__
+        return _checkcast_inner(new_tp, value, options)  # type: ignore[16]  # pyre
+
+    if isinstance(tp, ForwardRef):
+        raise UnresolvedForwardRefError()
+
+    if isinstance(value, tp):  # type: ignore[arg-type, wrong-arg-types]  # mypy, pytype
+        return None
+    else:
+        return ValidationError(tp, value)
+
+@functools.lru_cache()
+def eval_type_str(tp: str, /) -> object:
+    """
+    Resolves a string-reference to a type that can be imported,
+    such as `'typing.List'`.
+
+    This function does internally cache lookups that have been made in
+    the past to improve performance. If you need to clear this cache
+    you can call:
+
+        eval_type_str.cache_clear()
+
+    Note that this function's implementation uses eval() internally.
+
+    Raises:
+    * UnresolvableTypeError --
+        If the specified string-reference could not be resolved to a type.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(tp, str):  # pragma: no cover
+        raise ValueError()
+
+    # Determine which module to lookup the type from
+    mod: ModuleType
+    module_name: str
+    member_expr: str
+    m = _IMPORTABLE_TYPE_EXPRESSION_RE.fullmatch(tp)
+    if m is not None:
+        (module_name_dot, member_expr) = m.groups()
+        module_name = module_name_dot[:-1]
+        try:
+            mod = importlib.import_module(module_name)
+        except Exception:
+            raise UnresolvableTypeError(
+                f"Could not resolve type {tp!r}: " f"Could not import {module_name!r}."
+            )
+    else:
+        m = _UNIMPORTABLE_TYPE_EXPRESSION_RE.fullmatch(tp)
+        if m is not None:
+            mod = _BUILTINS_MODULE
+            module_name = _BUILTINS_MODULE.__name__
+            member_expr = tp
+        else:
+            raise UnresolvableTypeError(
+                f"Could not resolve type {tp!r}: "
+                f"{tp!r} does not appear to be a valid type."
+            )
+
+    # Lookup the type from a module
+    try:
+        member = eval(member_expr, mod.__dict__, None)
+    except Exception:
+        raise UnresolvableTypeError(
+            f"Could not resolve type {tp!r}: "
+            f"Could not eval {member_expr!r} inside module {module_name!r}."
+            f"{_EXTRA_ADVISE_IF_MOD_IS_BUILTINS if mod is _BUILTINS_MODULE else ''}"
+        )
+
+    # Interpret an imported str as a TypeAlias
+    if isinstance(member, str):
+        member = ForwardRef(member, is_argument=False)
+
+    # Resolve any ForwardRef instances inside the type
+    try:
+        member = eval_type(member, mod.__dict__, None)  # type: ignore[16]  # pyre
+    except Exception:
+        raise UnresolvableTypeError(
+            f"Could not resolve type {tp!r}: "
+            f"Could not eval type {member!r} inside module {module_name!r}."
+            f"{_EXTRA_ADVISE_IF_MOD_IS_BUILTINS if mod is _BUILTINS_MODULE else ''}"
+        )
+
+    # 1. Ensure the object is actually a type
+    # 2. As a special case, interpret None as type(None)
+    try:
+        member = _type_check(member, f"Could not resolve type {tp!r}: ")  # type: ignore[16]  # pyre
+    except TypeError as e:
+        raise UnresolvableTypeError(str(e))
+    return member
+

test_.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import std.typecheck as tc
+import typing
+OptionalString = str | None
+print(tc.checktype("wow", OptionalString))
+print(tc.checktype(None, OptionalString))
+print(tc.checktype(0xDEADBEEF, OptionalString))
+@tc.check_args
+def a(a:int,b:str,c:typing.Any):...
+a(1,"",1223)